Reference soil India 02: Cambisol

IN002

Cambisols occur mainly in the temperate and boreal regions of the world, where the soil’s parent material is still young or where low temperatures slow down the processes of soil formation.

Characteristics

Soils having either a cambic horizon (a horizon showing evidence of alteration with respect to the underlying material), or a mollic horizon overlying a subsoil, which has a base saturation of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil surface, or one of the following diagnostic horizons within the specified depth: an andic, vertic, or vitric horizon starting between 25 and 100 cm; a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon starting between 50 and 100 cm, in absence of loamy sand or coarser textures above these horizons.

Distribution of Cambisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil IN002: Cambisols

A deep, moderately well drained, pale brown to brown, loamy soil. The upper 20-25 cm consists of recent stratified alluvial deposits derived from the Jamuna River, which has buried the original soil. The soil is hardly affected by erosion and has an increase in clay in the lower horizons. The groundwater table is at about 30 m depth. The soil is used for growing mung bean ("gram") (Cajanus spp), sugarcane and wheat. The natural vegetation is Acacia and "neem" (Azadirachta indica).

Classification

WRB 2014

Cambisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Fluvi-Eutric Cambisol

Eutric Cambisol

- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

Local classification:	Jamuna loam

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Ustochrept ustic fine-silty mixed hyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-22	-	0.1	0.1	3.1	20.1	12.5	35.9	21.5	22.3	43.8	20.3
22-63	-	0	0.1	1.7	11.9	9.9	23.6	22.3	24.1	46.4	29.9
63-82	-	0.2	0.2	1.9	10.9	10.4	23.6	18.6	25.2	43.8	32.8
82-110	-	0	0	2.0	15.1	10.1	27.2	22.6	22.6	45.2	27.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-22	-	-	-	-	20.3
22-63	-	-	-	-	29.9
63-82	-	-	-	-	32.8
82-110	-	-	-	-	27.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-22	7.2	5.8	0.2	0.4	0.18	0.04	5	-	-	7.0	2.7	0.2	0.1	10
22-63	7.1	5.9	0.25	0.7	0.24	0.04	6	-	-	9.0	4.3	0.2	0.3	13.8
63-82	7.4	5.7	0.12	0.6	0.15	0.04	4	-	-	9.5	3.9	0.2	0.1	13.7
82-110	7.4	5.8	0.13	0.6	0.12	0.04	3	-	-	9.5	4.1	0.2	0.1	13.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-22	128	7.8	38	0.6	-	-	-
22-63	144	9.6	32	0.8	-	-	-
63-82	132	10.4	32	0.5	-	-	-
82-110	145	9.6	35	0.4	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap/C 0-22 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, dry) brown (10YR 5/3, moist)loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,hard firm slightly sticky,clear smooth boundary to,
2BA 22-63 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, dry) brown (10YR 5/3, moist)clay loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,hard firm sticky,diffuse smooth boundary to,
2Bw1 63-82 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, dry) brown (10YR 5/3, moist)clay loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,very hard very firm sticky plastic,diffuse smooth boundary to,
2Bw2 82-110 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)clay loam,strong coarse angular blocky,very hard very firm sticky plastic,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	highly weathered material
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Soil Depth	110cm
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	present
Intensity of the soil erosion type	slight
Intensity of the soil erosion type (second entry)	harmless
Soil erosion type	sheet

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	main crops: mung bean, sugarcane, wheat

Altitude	250m
Physiographic Unit	level river plain
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Dry From - To	0-80cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	yearly
Nature of flood water	fresh
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	80-110cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil India 02: Cambisol

Characteristics

Reference soil IN002: Cambisols

Classification