Reference soil Iceland 07: Andosol

IS007

Andosols occur throughout the world where volcanic activity is common, especially in the circum-Pacific region and along the mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Characteristics

Soils with a vitric or andic horizon (slightly to moderately weathered horizons in pyroclastic deposits dominated by short-range-order minerals, notably allophane and imogolite) starting within 25 cm from the soil surface. In addition, they may have a histic, fulvic, melanic, mollic, umbric, ochric, duric, or cambic horizon. Other diagnostic horizons (unless buried deeper than 50 cm by volcanic deposits) are absent.

Distribution of Andosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil IS007: Andosols

Classification

WRB 1998

Eutri-Silic- Andosol

3-60 cm

silandic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Haplic Andosol

Vitric Andosol

andic

0-25 cm	ochric A horizon
-	exchange complex dominated by amorphous material

No data for this profile

Depth1	50cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	basic ash
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian sand
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	glacial till
Remarks on Parent Materials	tephra deposits 50-100cm deep over glacial till
Texture of parent material	loamy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
Weathering Resistance	poor
Weathering Resistance (second entry)	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock (second entry)	slightly

Intensity of the soil erosion type	slight
Intensity of the soil erosion type (second entry)	slight
Soil erosion type	rill
Soil erosion type (second entry)	wind

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	animal husbandry
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: 80% vegetation cover. Heath with about 50% Rachomitrium moss, Betula nana, Empetrum, Vaccinium heath and Kobresia sp. LANDUSE: Communal land for sheep grazing
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	grassland

Altitude	400m
Physiographic Unit	slope
Physiographic position of the site	lower slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	glacial plain
Slope	1%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	complex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	small cracks (width less than 1 cm, or depth less than 50 cm)
Microrelief Height: variation in height	30
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	hummocks
Microrelief pattern	isolated
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Iceland 07: Andosol

Characteristics

Reference soil IS007: Andosols

Classification