Reference soil Jamaica 03: Ferralsol

JM003

Ferralsols occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mainly on old and stable land surfaces.

Characteristics

Soils having a ferralic horizon (strongly weathered horizon with low-activity clays and very low amounts of weatherable minerals) between 25 and 200 cm from the soil surface. They lack a nitic horizon (a horizon with strongly developed, nut-shaped structure) and do not have a layer which fulfils the requirements of an argic horizon and which has, in the upper 30 cm, 10 percent or more water-dispersible clay.

Distribution of Ferralsols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil JM003: Ferralsols

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Acric-Gibbsic- Ferralsol (Dystric)

Gibbsi-Acric- Ferralsol

27-89 cm	cambic horizon
89-180 cm	ferralic horizon

0-27 cm	ochric horizon
27-89 cm	cambic horizon
89-180 cm	ferralic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Chromi-Haplic Ferralsol

Acric Ferralsol

0-27 cm	ochric A horizon
27-89 cm	cambic B horizon
89-180 cm	ferralic B horizon

0-27 cm	ochric A horizon
27-89 cm	cambic / oxic B horizon

Local classification:	St Anne clay loam

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Acrorthox udic clayey gibbsitic isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	1.3	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.3	3.5	13.1	41.3	54.4	42.1
10-27	-	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.3	2.5	19.9	37.5	57.4	40.3
27-89	-	0.9	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.2	2.2	45.1	23.5	68.6	29.2
89-154	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.4	1.2	15.2	31.8	47.0	51.9
154-180	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.4	1.1	23.2	34.3	57.5	41.4
0-35	-	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.6	3.7	15.6	43.7	59.3	36.9

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	18.5	42.1
10-27	-	-	-	19.5	40.3
27-89	-	-	-	7.0	29.2
89-154	-	-	-	8.0	51.9
154-180	-	-	-	7.5	41.4
0-35	-	-	-	17.5	36.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	5.7	5.1	0.29	-	3.75	0.32	12	0	0	9.1	1.7	0.3	0.2	11.3
10-27	5.8	5.2	0.09	-	1.72	0.17	10	0	0	2.9	0.6	0.1	0.2	3.8
27-89	6.0	5.5	0.05	-	0.24	0.05	5	0	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.5
89-154	6.3	5.8	0.04	-	0.07	-	-	0	0	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.8
154-180	6.5	6.0	0.04	-	0.00	-	-	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8
0-35	5.5	4.9	0.16	-	2.18	0.21	10	0.1	0	2.9	0.6	0.2	0.0	3.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	-	17.5	-	13.1	-	-	1
10-27	-	11.2	-	6.0	-	-	2
27-89	-	5.9	-	0.8	-	-	0
89-154	-	4.6	-	0.2	-	-	2
154-180	-	4.7	-	0.0	-	-	0
0-35	-	12.5	-	7.6	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	0.90	0.10	8.50	1.80	0.60	0.40	-	0.60
10-27	-	-	-	1.00	0.10	10.00	1.90	1.30	0.30	-	0.60
27-89	-	-	-	1.10	0.10	8.90	1.60	0.00	0.10	-	0.70
89-154	-	-	-	0.70	0.10	8.30	1.20	0.00	0.10	-	0.50
154-180	-	-	-	0.80	0.10	8.70	1.20	0.00	0.10	-	0.60

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	SiO2 % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	K2O % w/w	Na2O % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-10	4.0	47.1	17.2	0.32	0.14	0.09	-	2.15
10-27	3.7	47.5	17.3	0.30	0.14	0.09	-	2.17
27-89	3.2	46.9	17.2	0.31	0.12	0.08	-	2.05
89-154	2.5	47.3	17.9	0.38	0.10	0.04	-	2.13
154-180	2.6	47.6	17.8	0.35	0.07	0.04	-	2.16

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	Ign.Loss clay % w/w	Total Clay % w/w	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
0-10	0.17	2.05	25.7	98.9	0.1	0.6	0.1	4.3
10-27	0.17	1.91	26.2	99.5	0.1	0.6	0.1	4.3
27-89	0.42	1.92	25.9	98.1	0.1	0.5	0.1	4.3
89-154	0.24	1.99	25.8	98.4	0.1	0.4	0.1	4.1
154-180	0.26	1.92	25.7	98.5	0.1	0.4	0.1	4.2

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-10	41.8	0.61	16.8	0.09	0.15	-	4.9	2.43
10-27	43.7	0.47	17.5	0.09	0.14	-	4.8	2.53
27-89	46.4	0.37	18.2	0.08	0.13	-	4.6	2.54
89-154	46.8	0.42	18.5	0.04	0.11	-	3.6	2.62
154-180	47.6	0.44	18.6	0.04	0.10	-	3.6	2.65
0-35	43.4	0.48	17.4	0.09	0.15	-	4.9	2.51

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-10	3.9	29.2	0.69	1.74	0.2	0.8	0.2
10-27	3.9	26.7	0.73	1.66	0.2	0.7	0.1
27-89	4.0	24.7	0.56	1.80	0.2	0.7	0.1
89-154	4.0	24.1	0.30	1.80	0.1	0.5	0.1
154-180	4.0	14.1	0.35	1.84	0.1	0.5	0.1
0-35	3.9	27.3	0.74	1.72	0.2	0.7	0.2

Sand mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Heavy Frac. sand % w/w	K-Feldspar % w/w	Light Fra. sand % w/w	Opaque % w/w	Plagioclase % w/w	Quartz % w/w
89-154	24.2	-	75.8	100	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-10 cm	reddish brown (5YR 4/4, moist)clay,moderate fine subangular blocky to crumb,very friable sticky plastic,many micro interstitial pores and few tubular pores,clear smooth boundary to,
Apoc 10-27 cm	yellowish red (5YR 4/6, moist)clay,weak fine and medium subangular blocky to crumb,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine vesicular pores and common interstitial pores,few small hard ferruginous nodules manganiferous,gradual wavy boundary to,
Boc1 27-88 cm	yellowish red (5YR 4/6, moist)clay,weak FV subangular blocky to granular,firm sticky plastic,patchy thin clay cutans,many very fine tubular pores and interstitial pores,few small hard ferruginous nodules manganiferous,gradual wavy boundary to,
Boc2 88-153 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)clay,weak coarse and very coarse angular blocky to granular,firm sticky plastic,broken thin clay cutans,common fine tubular pores,few small hard ferruginous nodules manganiferous,gradual wavy boundary to,
Boc3 153-180 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)clay,weak coarse and very coarse subangular blocky to granular,friable sticky plastic,patchy thin clay cutans,many very fine interstitial pores,few small hard ferruginous nodules manganiferous,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	bauxitic material
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	limestone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	residual
Remarks on Parent Materials	bauxite overlying limestone of the White Limestone Formation (Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene)
Texture of parent material	clayey
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey
Weathering Resistance	very high
Weathering Resistance (second entry)	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock (second entry)	slightly

Major crops	citrus
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	tree and shrub cropping
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Grass undergrowth

Altitude	390m
Physiographic Unit	sink hole
Physiographic position of the site	depression
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	low hill
Slope	2%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-180cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	very slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Jamaica 03: Ferralsol

Characteristics

Reference soil JM003: Ferralsols

Classification