Reference soil Malaysia 54: Fluvisol

MY054

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil MY054: Fluvisols

A well developed rubefied leached soil in subrecent beach deposits, 4 m above high tide level, with almost flat relief (slope 0-2 %), derived from adamellite (biotite granite and granodiorite) with some admixture from metamorphic rocks and sandstones. The groundwater table is within 200 cm and may have formed irregularly spaced large blotches of paler and darker coloured material in B3C horizon that has a sloping boundary to B2 horizon. Due to animal activity, there are blotches of dark A1 material in A2 horizon. The soils of the Sematan series are very poor and deficient in all major nutrients and need to be heavily fertilized if used for agriculture. (additional climatic data: days with precipitation >0.1 mm)

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	0	0.1	2	83.3	6.9	92.3	1.7	1.6	3.3	4.4
16-25	-	0	0.1	1.7	82.9	7	91.7	2.7	1.2	3.9	4.4
40-55	-	0	0.1	1.5	84.5	6.9	93	1.4	1.8	3.2	3.8
75-95	-	0	0	1.5	84.4	6.6	92.5	2.6	0.6	3.2	4.3
110-120	-	0	0.3	2.9	86.5	6.4	96.1	0.6	0.6	1.2	2.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	-	4.4
16-25	-	-	-	-	4.4
40-55	-	-	-	-	3.8
75-95	-	-	-	-	4.3
110-120	-	-	-	-	2.7

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	4.3	4.0	0.41	-	0.69	0.06	12	0.3	0	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.5
16-25	4.5	4.0	0.14	-	0.46	0.05	9	0.3	0	0.1	0.0	0	0.0	0.1
40-55	5.3	4.1	0.02	-	0.30	0.02	15	0.2	0	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0
75-95	5.4	4.6	0.02	-	0.13	0.02	7	0.2	0	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0
110-120	5.5	4.8	0.02	-	0.05	0.01	5	0.1	0	0.1	0.0	0	0.0	0.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	13	3.9	89	2.4	-	0	-
16-25	2	4.2	95	1.6	-	0	-
40-55	0	2.8	74	1.1	-	0	-
75-95	0	1.8	42	0.5	-	0	-
110-120	9	1.1	41	0.2	-	0	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	-	-	1.9	0.2	-	-	-	-
16-25	-	-	-	-	-	1.9	0.2	-	-	-	-
40-55	-	-	-	-	-	1.5	1.1	-	-	-	-
75-95	-	-	-	-	-	2.2	0.2	-	-	-	-
110-120	-	-	-	-	-	2.1	0.2	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-10	1.3	0.05	3.9	0.09	0.1	-	90.9	1.84
16-25	1.4	0.06	4	0.09	0.09	-	92.4	1.84
40-55	1.3	0.03	3.8	0.09	0.1	-	92.6	1.95
75-95	1.7	0.03	4.5	0.11	0.11	-	89.7	2.25
110-120	1.7	0.03	4.8	0.20	0.13	-	90.4	1.8

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-10	0.5	2.6	0.07	0.07	118.7	62.1	40.7
16-25	0.5	2.0	0.07	0.08	112	61.5	39.7
40-55	0.5	1.3	0.06	0.05	120.9	64.9	42.2
75-95	0.6	1.5	0.07	0.07	89.6	53.1	33.3
110-120	0.6	1.2	0.06	0.07	90.2	50.1	32.2

Profile description

Ah 0-16 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)fine sand,weak crumb,loose friable non sticky non plastic,gradual smooth boundary to,
E 16-25 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)fine sand,very weak crumb,loose friable non sticky non plastic,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw1 25-60 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist)fine sand,very weak crumb,loose very friable non sticky non plastic,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw2 60-100 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, moist)fine sand,very weak crumb,loose very friable non sticky non plastic,(7.5 YR 4/6),abrupt boundary to,
100-120 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist)medium sand,very weak crumb,soft very friable,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	coarse-grained acid igneous rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	adamellite

Intensity of the soil erosion type	slight
Soil erosion type	gully

Major crops	fruit crops
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Pine-apples,coconuts,weeds,fern

Altitude	0m
Physiographic Unit	3rd ridge of beach landscape
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	marine terrace
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Malaysia 54: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil MY054: Fluvisols

Classification